Lesson 14
Lesson 14
Broadcast Standards
Detecting Audio Peaks
Audio Mixer - Option 6 -or- Tools -> Audio Mixer
Notice clipping indicators in Master Audio meters
Deselect any clips with Shift Command A
Mark -> Audio Peaks -> Mark
Markers are placed in Timeline at clipping
Markers with duration for longer periods of clipping
Select problematic clips and reduce gain with Modify -> Levels
Deselect clips and remove Audio Peaks markers with
Mark -> Audio Peaks -> Clear -or- Control ` (grave)
Then re-check to be sure all the peaks are gone
Television's audio dynamic range is under -6 dB
Master Fader affects the total volume of ALL clips
Track visibility can affect this but solo/mute cannot
Video Levels for Broadcast
Broadcast Safe - 100 IRE or less (Institute of Radio Engineers)
If higher, there is audio interference
Range Check - looks for luma/chroma that is too high
Video Scopes - under Tools -> Video Scopes -or- Option 9
Select Waveform from layout. This shows luma
View -> Range Check -> Excess Luma -or- Control Z
Green Circle with check - below 90%
Green Circle with check and up arrow - between 90-100%
image shows Green Zebra Stripes
Yellow Warning icon - above 100%
image shows Red Zebra Stripes
Option P - to play every frame - shows stripes in Canvas
To correct: Select clip - Video Filters -> Color Corrector -> Broadcast Safe
To correct Sequence - Nest it first, then apply the filter to the Nest
Range Check -> Excessive Chroma
Video that is over-saturated, image shows yellow warning icon
Use Video Filters -> Color Corrector -> RGB Limit to correct
Exporting to QuickTime - QT is the engine behind all Apple media conversions
Export -> QuickTime Movie
Exports with NO re-compression - same as the Easy Preset
Can export clip, I/O or entire sequence
Can include Markers for DVD creation
Make Movie Self-Contained -
creates new, complete, BIG, file that will play anywhere
Not Self-Contained -
creates a pointer that references original content; will not play on
a different computer (or if original content is deleted)
Export -> Using QuickTime Conversion
Can export audio only, still image, compressed video, etc.
Use this to compress for the Web. H.264 is a good codec for this
Codec - compressor/decompressor
Formats: AIFF, iPod, Wave, DV Stream, Still Image, etc
Format chosen determines options for settings
QuickTime Movie - this creates a compressed video file
Movie Settings to change Video, Audio and Internet Streaming options
Video settings for codec, frame rate, data rate, quality
Size settings to change size - 320x480 or 480x360 good for web
Audio settings to change format, mono/stero, rate
All of these settings affect the size of the file and the quality of the video.
Outputting to tape
Good way to save a Master since DVDs are highly compressed
Leader Material - color bars, tone, slate, countdown
3-ways to output to tape:
Manually, Print to Tape, Edit to Tape
Manually - easiest
Be sure everything is rendered. The recording is the output only
Be sure RT is Safe RT and High Quality
Add slug at beginning and end of Sequence
Add any bars, tone, etc. to head of Sequence
Be sure View -> External Video -> All Frames -or- Command F12
Print to Video -
No need to add bars or tone to Sequence - FCP will auto-generate them
No need to render sequence or change RT settings
Use this for HDV materials
File -> Print to Video -or- Control M
Dialog box with 4 areas: Leader, Media, Trailer, Duration
Leader - choose options for bars, tone, etc.
Slate - text field to type or choose image file
Media - all or I/O; option to loop; black between loop
Trailer - amount of black at end
Duration - calculates entire duration of project
Once all render and mix down is complete, FCP prompts you to record
Edit to Tape - Only works with Controllable Device
Similar to Print to Tape but with a transport
Transport controls deck (think: Log and Capture in reverse)
Insert, Assemble and Preview buttons
Mastering Settings tab to add bars and tone etc.
Video tab to drag Sequence to Preview area as an Assembly edit
When all rendering is done
FCP automatically controls the deck and outputs the video
Timecode Window Burn
Effects -> Video Filters -> Video -> Timecode Reader
Apply to a clip to the CLIPS timecode
For Sequence timecode - Nest sequence first
Use Filters tab to adjust size, opacity, placement, etc.
Batch List function to create a tab-delimited list of Browser Column info
File -> Export -> Batch List
This underscores that FCP is not just a video editing program; it is a sophisticated database program as well
Terms:
Clipping
Audio Peaks - Mark and Clear
Broadcast Safe
Video Scopes
Range Check
Excessive Luma
Excessive Chroma
Zebra Stripes
QuickTime Movie
Self-contained / Not Self-contained
QuickTime Conversion
Codecs
Compression
3-ways to Output to Tape
Leader
How to output HDV
Timecode Burn In or Timecode Window
